What is a product backlog?

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A product backlog is a prioritized list of work items or features that need to be developed for a product. It serves as the single source of truth for everything that could be included in the product, maintained and owned by the Product Owner in Agile and Scrum frameworks.

The backlog contains user stories, features, bug fixes, technical tasks, and enhancements—each described with enough detail to be understood by the development team. Items at the top are typically well-defined and ready for immediate development, while lower items are less detailed and can be refined over time.

Key Characteristics of a Product Backlog:

1. Dynamic and Evolving:
   The backlog is not a static document. It evolves as the product, users, and market needs change.

2. Prioritized:
   Items are ranked by business value, urgency, and dependencies. The most valuable or critical items appear at the top.

3. Refined Regularly (Backlog Grooming):
   The team continuously reviews and updates backlog items to clarify scope, estimate effort, and ensure readiness for upcoming sprints.

4. Transparency:
   It provides visibility to stakeholders, developers, and testers about what is planned, in progress, or completed.

Example:
A product backlog for an e-commerce app might include items like:

• "As a user, I want to reset my password via email."

• "Improve site load time by optimizing images."

• "Fix checkout bug on mobile browsers."

In essence, the product backlog guides the team’s work and aligns development with business goals, ensuring the right features are built in the right order.

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